Fig. 3

Phenotypic architecture of contest strategy. (a) Based on inter-behaviour correlations, two separate modules were revealed, represented first by absolute correlation clusters (| r |), and quantified via PCA in two discrete components, one comprising mainly variation in behaviours of cost mitigation (C1, orange bars) – display and retreat – and another comprising mainly behaviours of contest escalation (C2, green bars) – initiation and attack tendency. (b) Only the first component related significantly to motivational state (average recovery from startle probes) and (c) the effect was reserved mostly for the variation in motivation predicted by the RHP, resource value and personality factors in the model (fits), compared to (d) the residual variation. Units are of normalised scores