Table 1 Fixed effects fitted to the univariate mixed model for scaled response variables maintenance metabolic rate without fasting (MRWF; uLO2 h−1), respiratory quotient (RQ), exploration (total move time) and risk-taking tendency (“yes” or “no”) in Bufo gargarizans, with fixed effects of light–dark cycle, body mass and Trials (trial number-effect of time). CI: credible interval; particle Markov chain Monte Carlo: pMCMC. pMCMC values < 0.01 are emphasized with bold
Trait | Posterior mean | Lower95% CI | Upper 95% CI | pMCMC |
|---|---|---|---|---|
MRWF | ||||
Intercept | -0.91 | -1.88 | -0.06 | 0.07 |
Light–dark cycle: nighttime | 0.45 | 0.25 | 0.66 | < 0.00 |
Body mass | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.05 |
Trials | -0.10 | -0.19 | -0.00 | 0.04 |
Vi | 0.64 | 0.27 | 1.14 | NA |
Vw | 0.41 | 0.32 | 0.54 | NA |
RQ | ||||
Intercept | 0.27 | -0.20 | 0.71 | 0.24 |
Light–dark cycle: nighttime | -0.13 | -0.38 | 0.14 | 0.31 |
Trial | -0.09 | -0.21 | 0.03 | 0.14 |
Vi | 0.46 | 0.16 | 0.82 | NA |
Vw | 0.69 | 0.54 | 0.86 | NA |
Exploration | ||||
Intercept | 0.19 | -0.70 | 1.05 | 0.66 |
Light–dark cycle: nighttime | -0.07 | -0.34 | 0.19 | 0.60 |
Body mass | 0.00 | -0.01 | 0.01 | 0.96 |
Trials | -0.06 | -0.19 | 0.06 | 0.34 |
Vi | 0.34 | 0.12 | 0.64 | NA |
Vw | 0.80 | 0.62 | 0.99 | NA |
Risk-taking | ||||
Intercept | 1.69 | -1.08 | 4.41 | 0.22 |
Light/dark cycle: nighttime | -1.78 | -2.91 | -0.61 | 0.00 |
Body mass | 0.01 | -0.01 | 0.03 | 0.24 |
Trials | 0.01 | -0.51 | 0.48 | 0.97 |
Vi | 1.99 | 0.17 | 4.48 | NA |