Table 2 Means (± SD) and ranges for head and appendage measurements of red wolves, coyotes, and hybrids in northeastern North Carolina, USA

Red wolf

180

11.9 ± 1.1

9.5–14.5

445

11.0 ± 0.6

9.0–12.9

443

36.4 ± 3.2

15.8–48.0

Male

89

12.3 ± 1.0

10.0–14.5

233

11.3 ± 0.6

9.0–12.9

232

37.3 ± 3.4

15.8–48.0

Female

91

11.5 ± 1.0

9.5–14.4

212

10.7 ± 0.5

9.3–12.5

211

35.5 ± 2.7

28.0–44.0

Gray coyote

270

10.8 ± 0.9

8.9–14.0

237

9.9 ± 0.6

8.0–12.8

239

33.8 ± 3.0

20.5–44.7

Male

135

11.1 ± 1.0

9.5–14.0

118

10.1 ± 0.6

8.7–12.5

118

34.2 ± 3.0

20.5–43.0

Female

135

10.5 ± 0.7

8.9–12.1

119

9.7 ± 0.6

8.0–12.8

121

33.4 ± 2.9

27.0–44.7

Melanistic coyote

15

10.7 ± 0.9

8.9–12.5

17

10.0 ± 0.9

9.0–12.5

16

34.7 ± 3.4

30.7–42.5

Male

11

10.9 ± 0.9

9.5–12.5

8

10.1 ± 0.6

9.3–11.2

7

34.7 ± 3.7

31.3–42.5

Female

4

10.2 ± 0.9

8.9–10.8

9

9.8 ± 1.1

9.0–12.5

9

9.8 ± 1.1

30.7–40.1

Gray hybrid

48

11.1 ± 0.8

78.0–122.0

140

10.5 ± 0.6

8.7–12.5

138

35.6 ± 3.1

24.5–43.5

Male

32

11.3 ± 0.6

9.5–12.5

81

10.7 ± 0.7

8.7–12.5

79

35.9 ± 3.3

24.5–43.5

Female

16

10.9 ± 1.0

9.5–12.5

59

10.4 ± 0.6

9.2–11.4

59

35.2 ± 2.8

27.0–41.5

Melanistic hybrid

2

10.5 ± 1.4

9.5–11.5

13

10.1 ± 0.6

8.5–10.9

13

36.2 ± 2.7

31.5–40.0

Male

N/A

N/A

N/A

4

10.6 ± 0.3

10.2–10.9

4

37.3 ± 2.0

34.5–39.0

Female

2

10.5 ± 1.4

9.5–11.5

9

9.9 ± 0.6

8.5–10.4

9

35.7 ± 3.0

31.5–40.0