Table 7 Results of LMM2 (A), LMM3 (B), LMM4 (C) and LMM5 (D) for the effect of ventral patch expression (LTE vs HTE) of adult male Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) on the Principal Component PC1 (A), PC2 (B), PC3 (C) and PC4 (D) representing reproductive activity for which there were data for both LTE and HTE males. Analyses controlled for the number of antler tines. Reference levels for factors are shown in brackets. Significant effects are showed in bold (p-value = 0.05). Table also shows variance and standard errors (SE) of random effects (individual and year), as well as the residual variance of the model
(A) Response variable: PC1 | Estimate (± SE) | df | t-value | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Fixed factors | ||||
 Intercept | - 0.343 ± 0.443 | 11.168 | - 0.774 | 0.539 |
 Trait expression (HTE) | 0.507 ± 0.158 | 192.233 | 3.197 | < 0.002 |
 Antler tines | - 0.002 ± 0.032 | 24.066 | - 0.068 | 0.953 |
Random factors: Individual: variance ± SE = 0.000 ± 0.000; Year = 0.009 ± 0.158; Residual = 1.369 ± 1.170 | ||||
(B) Response variable: PC2 | Estimate (± SE) | df | t-value | p-value |
Fixed factors | ||||
 Intercept | - 0.746 ± 0.623 | 20.458 | - 1.198 | 0.299 |
 Trait expression (HTE) | 0.088 ± 0.168 | 187.892 | 0.526 | 0.605 |
 Antler tines | 0.043 ± 0.040 | 39.293 | 1.050 | 0.351 |
Random factors: Individual: variance ± SE = 0.064 ± 0.252; Year = 0.157 ± 0.396; Residual = 1411 ± 1188 | ||||
(C) Response variable: PC3 | Estimate (± SE) | df | t-value | p-value |
Fixed factors | ||||
 Intercept | - 1.404 ± 0.714 | 18.268 | - 1.974 | 0.073 |
 Trait expression (HTE) | - 0.129 ± 0.129 | 180.146 | 0.997 | 0.326 |
 Antler tines | 0.116 ± 0.041 | 68.564 | 2.850 | 0.008 |
Random factors: Individual: variance ± SE = 0.262 ± 0.512; Year = 0.596 ± 0.772; Residual = 0.614 ± 0.784 | ||||
(D) Response variable: PC4 | Estimate (± SE) | df | t-value | p-value |
Fixed factors | ||||
 Intercept | - 1.404 ± 0.711 | 18.268 | - 1.974 | 0.074 |
 Trait expression (HTE) | - 0.129 ± 0.129 | 180.146 | 0.997 | 0.326 |
 Antler tines | 0.116 ± 0.041 | 68.564 | 2.850 | 0.008 |
Random factors: Individual: variance ± SE = 0.262 ± 0.512; Year = 0.596 ± 0.772; Residual = 0.614 ± 0.784 | ||||