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Table 1 ANCOVA testing the effect of the treatment (bold; control vs clipped birds) controlling for several covariates. Body mass change was the difference between final and initial body masses in grams

From: Wild common crossbills produce redder body feathers when their wings are clipped

 

Sum of squares

d.f.

Squared mean

F

p

Intercept

8.636

1

8.636

1.401

0.248

First capture date

8.925

1

8.925

1.447

0.240

Days to recapture

0.014

1

0.014

0.002

0.963

Initial body mass

0.367

1

0.367

0.059

0.809

Body mass change

4.617

1

4.617

0.749

0.395

Tarsus length

17.313

1

17.313

2.808

0.106

Wing length

0.439

1

0.439

0.071

0.792

Initial rump hue

1.088

1

1.088

0.176

0.678

Treatment

27.243

1

27.243

4.418

0.046

Error

154.147

25

6.166

  

Total

40,884.583

34

   

Total corrected

219.967

33

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