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Table 1 Means (± SD) and ranges for body mass and measurements of red wolves, coyotes, and hybrids in the southeastern United States

From: The natural history and ecology of melanism in red wolf and coyote populations of the southeastern United States – evidence for Gloger’s rule

Canis type

Mass (kg)

Body length (cm)

Shoulder height (cm)

Hind foot length (cm)

n

Mean

Range

n

Mean

Range

n

Mean

Range

n

Mean

Range

Red wolf

484

23.7 ± 4.6

10.1–38.6

444

106.7 ± 6.6

83.5–125.0

442

67.2 ± 3.6

53.5–77.2

448

22.4 ± 1.2

17.0–27.0

Male

252

25.5 ± 4.6

10.5–38.6

233

108.8 ± 6.6

90.5–125.0

233

68.9 ± 3.2

57.7–77.2

236

22.9 ± 1.1

19.6–27.0

Female

232

21.8 ± 4.0

10.1–34.7

211

104.5 ± 6.2

83.5–120.5

209

65.3 ± 2.9

53.5–73.5

212

21.8 ± 1.0

17.0–24.5

Gray coyote

356

13.9 ± 2.0

6.9–20.0

364

90.5 ± 5.4

64.0–106.7

365

56.3 ± 3.5

44.0–67.0

371

18.9 ± 1.1

16.0–22.5

Male

182

14.6 ± 0.2

6.9–20.0

180

91.9 ± 5.8

64.0–106.7

180

57.6 ± 3.2

45.7–67.0

180

19.2 ± 1.1

16.0–22.0

Female

174

13.0 ± 1.7

8.9–18.9

184

89.1 ± 4.6

77.0–104.0

185

55.1 ± 3.3

44.0–67.0

184

18.5 ± 1.1

16.4–22.5

Melanistic coyote

24

13.2 ± 2.0

7.8–15.8

22

87.8 ± 7.2

75.0–105.0

24

55.7 ± 5.5

43.2–68.7

24

18.9 ± 1.5

16.5–21.9

Male

13

12.9 ± 2.3

7.8–15.8

11

88.6 ± 6.4

75.0–96.5

13

56.0 ± 5.4

45.7–65.8

13

19.1 ± 1.6

16.5–21.6

Female

11

13.5 ± 1.6

11.4–15.5

11

87.0 ± 2.5

76.2–105.0

11

55.4 ± 5.9

43.2–68.7

11

18.6 ± 1.5

17.0–21.9

Gray hybrid

134

17.1 ± 4.2

6.4–27.5

137

98.1 ± 7.5

78.0–122.0

140

62.4 ± 4.5

50.3–79.9

140

20.5 ± 1.4

17.3–25.1

Male

79

17.6 ± 4.7

6.4–27.5

78

98.8 ± 7.9

78.0–122.0

81

63.0 ± 4.5

50.3–74.8

81

20.6 ± 1.4

17.3–25.1

Female

55

16.4 ± 3.5

7.3–23.2

59

97.2 ± 7.0

82.0–113.6

59

61.6 ± 4.5

52.0–79.9

59

20.2 ± 1.3

17.4–22.5

Melanistic hybrid

13

15.5 ± 2.7

10.2–18.5

13

93.4 ± 4.2

85.5–99.8

13

60.3 ± 3.0

53.0–65.3

13

19.9 ± 1.1

17.0–21.0

Male

4

17.1 ± 1.4

15.5–18.5

4

95.5 ± 5.3

88.0–99.8

4

62.9 ± 2.2

60.3–65.3

4

20.3 ± 0.5

19.6–20.7

Female

9

14.7 ± 2.8

10.2–18.5

9

92.5 ± 3.6

85.5–97.0

9

59.1 ± 2.6

53.0–62.1

9

19.7 ± 1.3

17.0–21.0