Table 1 External and internal morphology of the spermathecae in the studied species
From: 3D printed spermathecae as experimental models to understand sperm dynamics in leaf beetles
Cassida vibex | Agelastica alni | Gastrophysa viridula | Donacia crassipes | Crioceris duodecimpunctata | Crioceris asparagi | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Distances of two C-arms | Wider in Ca. vibex than in other species | |||||
Relative lengths of two C-arms | Equal | The proximal part is longer, and its middle part is swollen | The distal part is much longer | Equal, and the proximal part is slightly swollen | The distal part is longer, and the proximal part is slightly swollen | The distal part is longer, and the proximal part is slightly swollen |
Relative sizes of the lumen | The lumen size of the distal part is more prominent in all species, and in G. viridula the difference is much bigger than the others | |||||
Internal structures | Absent | Volcano-like protuberance at the middle | Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent |
Shapes of the proximal part | Highly coiled | Relatively narrowed duct | Relatively very narrowed duct and convoluted | Very short duct | Relatively long and curved | Relatively long and convoluted/ partly coiled |
Additional sperm storage spaces | Absent | Absent | Present at the end of the main spermatheca | Absent | Absent | Absent |
Sizes of the entrance | Slightly tapering towards the entrance | Relatively narrowed duct | Slightly tapering towards the entrance | The diameter of the lumen at the entrance abruptly diminishes | The diameter of the lumen at the entrance abruptly diminishes | The diameter of the lumen at the entrance abruptly diminishes |