Table 1 Summary of measurements of relevant structures from Liponeura suction organs

 Length (μm)

5.4 ± 0.0

2

7.6 ± 1.9

4

 Diameter^a (μm)

1.2 ± 0.0

2

1.5 ± 0.1

3

 Pitch (° rel. to horizontal)

40.8 ± 0.5

2

38.4 ± 5.8

3

 Density (μm⁻²)

0.44 ± 0.04

2

0.44 ± 0.06

6

 From SEM images

1.9 ± 0.1

3

–

–

 From in vivo IRM images

1.7 ± 0.2

2

–

–

Rim microtrichia width (μm)

0.64 ± 0.12

4

–

–

Spine-like microtrichia zone coverage (% of total suction disc area)

30%

1

27%

3

 Cuticular fold muscle

8.2 ± 0.0

2

6.6 ± 0.2

2

 Cuff muscle

7.6 ± 0.5

2

4.8

1

 Piston muscle

5.6

1

6.7 ± 0.4

2

 V-notch muscle

–

–

7.1

1

 Cuticular fold muscle^b

12,000

1

–

–

 Cuff muscle^b

4800

1

–

–

 Piston muscle^b

13,000

1

–

–

 V-notch muscle^c

–

–

950

1