Nasal administration of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) elicits sperm production in Fowler’s toads (Anaxyrus fowleri)

Table 1 Sperm characteristics for Fowler toads treated intranasally with three different concentrations of GnRH

GnRHa (μg) Treatment	Responding Males	Mean Sperm Characteristics
GnRHa (μg) Treatment	Responding Males	Spermic Urine Volume (mL)	Concentration Sperm/mL (×10⁵)	Total Sperm (× 10⁵)	Motility (%)	Forward Progressive Motility (%)	Total Motile Sperm (× 10⁵) (Total sperm x % Motility)
5	9/15	0.25 ± 0.03	2.39 ± 0.67^a	0.94 ± 0.34^a	72.0 ± 4.0^a	48.0 ± 4.5^a	0.52 ± 0.17^a
10	14/15	0.30 ± 0.04	5.68 ± 0.80^b	2.41 ± 0.49^b	63.0 ± 3.6^a	35.0 ± 3.4^b	1.66 ± 0.37^b
20	12/15	0.42 ± 0.05	3.33 ± 0.64^ab	1.66 ± 0.45^ab	49.0 ± 4.0^b	29.0 ± 3.5^b	0.74 ± 0.20^ab

Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Significant differences within columns are indicated by lettered superscripts

ISSN: 2056-3132