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Table 1 Summary of the age and origin of female elephants utilized in this study, and mean (± SEM) estrous cycle characteristics and serum progestagen concentrations

From: Endocrine correlates of puberty in female Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) at the Pinnawala elephant orphanage, Sri Lanka

Female

Date of Birth

Age at Onset and End of Study (years)

Captive or Wild Born

Number of Cycles

Luteal Phase Length (days)

Follicular Phase Length (days)

Total Cycle Length (days)

Baseline Progestagens (ng/ml)

Luteal Peak Progestagens (ng/ml)

Tikiri

~Sep 2002

3.0 – 4.5

Wild

0

   

0.63

 

Mali*

~ Nov 2001

3.2 – 5.0

Wild

4

55.1 ± 6.8a

24.2 ± 6.5

90.0 ± 1.7a

0.73

2.25 ± 0.12c

Maya*

~Jan 2000

4.0 – 5.8

Wild

4

79.0 ± 4.2b,c

25.3 ± 9.5

104.3 ± 13.5b

0.55

3.26 ± 0.50d

Uthpala

Aug 1999

5.5 – 7.5

Captive

7

78.3 ± 7.1b,c

33.4 ± 2.8

114.6 ± 6.0c

0.34

0.94 ± 0.10a

Ashokamala*

Aug 1999

6.5 – 8.3

Captive

4

78.0 ± 3.4b,c

28.3 ± 0.8

109.3 ± 2.8c

0.20

0.89 ± 0.15a

Surangi

~Dec 1997

7.0 – 9.2

Wild

7

76.9 ± 2.8b,c

29.0 ± 3.2

104.8 ± 4.5b,c

0.76

2.06 ± 0.20c

Supamali**

~Jun 1997

7.3 – 9.1

Wild

2

69.5 ± 3.3a,b

28.5 ± 3.3

98.0 ± 1.0a,b

0.50

2.23 ± 0.04c

Meena**

~Nov 1997

8.3 – 10.3

Wild

3

77.7 ± 2.8b,c

35.0 ± 8.3

112.7 ± 5.6c

0.52

2.01 ± 0.27c

Sandali

~Jul 1993

11.6 – 13.6

Wild

7

65.7 ± 5.9a,b

27.0 ± 5.2

88.5 ± 5.7a

0.43

1.28 ± 0.16b

Kanthi

~Aug 1992

12.8 – 14.8

Wild

6

82.3 ± 6.3c

31.0 ± 2.0

113.3 ± 6.2c

1.70

4.71 ± 0.17e

Manika*

~1990

14.3 – 16.2

Wild

3

83.7 ± 10.9c

33.7 ± 2.1

117.3 ± 12.6c

1.13

3.43 ± 0.25e

Overall Mean

74.6 ± 2.8

30.6 ± 1.1

105.3 ± 3.2

0.68 ± 0.13

2.31 ± 0.38

  1. *Exhibited first estrous cycle during the study period
  2. **Females conceived during study period
  3. a,b,c,d,eValues within column differ (P < 0.05)